The Between Teachers And Their Students During History...

There is a major disconnect occurring between teachers and their students in history classrooms nationwide. The main themes of United States history like freedom and liberty are individual to each person as well as each culture and ethnicity. This is an issue in the classroom because 92% of teachers are white while 80% are female. These predominantly white, female educators are attempting to teach a subject that is largely malleable among cultural and ethnic groups to a student population that is largely diverse. With the minority student population expected to increase by 30% within the next decade, it is imperative for secondary educational history teachers to understand the implications of teaching history to a diverse student†¦show more content†¦After a full academic year of twice weekly observations, Epstein and Cook interviewed ten working class students individually, five of which were African American and five who were European American. In the first part of the stu dy, students were asked to select and explain the ten most important historical actors from a deck of twenty-four cards containing pictures of people from the 16th century up through the 19th century. Part II of the study asked students to do the same thing, only pulling from a deck of twenty-eight cards containing images of historical actors form the late 19th century up through the Nixon presidency. In the final step of the study, the students needed to construct themes in US history that framed their previous selections. All five of the European American students made selections that indicated European Americans were major historical subjects responsible for shaping the nation’s development. These students argued that from America’s inception, the nation represented individual rights and democratic rule. All of these students also acknowledged that African Americans, Native Americans, and women all lacked fundamental rights; however, through their themes they still constructed a nation that gave rights to a majority of citizens while actively striking down racist policies where they stood, rather than promoting them. African American students who participated in the study all constructed a nation marked

Stereotypes And Stereotypes Of People With Piercings

As time has gone by people have changed, it is now common to see piercings in both men and women, the truth is that more than 23% of Americans has or has had a piercing in their life. Although a great amount of the population has had a piercing in her life, why are there so many misconception and stereotypes about people with piercings? Misconceptions is a view or opinion that is incorrect because it s based on faulty thinking or understanding. Then there s stereotypes, stereotypes are usually based on some truth but they are over exaggerated. Stereotypes may have also been true in the past but as time has gone by the group of people have changed but the way they are viewed by society remains the same. People with piercings have been†¦show more content†¦Society has been in charge of grouping people into different sections to make it easier. Many things have contributed to this the media has played a big role in misconceptions. Why is this? Its simply because in now in days all the information received comes from the media whether it s from the T.V magazine newspaper or social media people tend to believe everything that comes from the media. Society has grown to believe everything they see on the media and without a doubt everything is really true but if it s seen in the real world with people around it s ignored. There are many misconceptions seen in the daily lives for example teen moms are seen to be failures, but who said that s how things have to be? Teen moms are twice as likely to work harder and achieve more things in life because of the big motivation given to them. When imagining someone with piercings the first thing that comes to mind is that there most likely covered in tattoos as well. The second thing is that they most likely don t have a good stable job and if they do it s probably in a tattoo shop. Most importantly when thinking about someone with piercings it s always a negative view. People with piercings should not be seen as â₠¬Å"different† these people have simply found a different way of expressing themselves. People with piercings are admirable because nowShow MoreRelatedBody Piercings And Its Impact On Society1665 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to insurmountable sources, piercings, especially in the ear primarily, have been around since 2500 BC and have been worn not only by women, but by men as well all around the world including William Shakespeare and Julius Caesar. As body piercings become increasingly popular in modern culture, it has brought many researchers to the realization that this trend is a tragic insight into an individual’s psyche as well as their physical being and opportunities in the workplace even though it’sRead MoreDiscrimination Of Tattoos And Piercings896 Words   |  4 PagesGoodwin: ERWC November 10, 2014 Discrimination Of Tattoos And Piercings In The Workplace This world is full of discrimination and profiling. Whether you are a different race, practice a different religion, weigh anything other than average, or modify yourself to look the way you want yourself to, you are bound to be discriminated against. All of these things affect your eligibility to work whether you know it or not. America judges people on their appearance rather than their ability to work. MostRead MoreHow To Avoiding Stereotyping Essay example791 Words   |  4 Pagesbelieved that stereotypes were only used by rigid and authoritarian people. Now it’s widely accepted and scientifically proven that each and everyone of us stereotypes others, and others stereotypes us. Many times people are so used to stereotyping other people that they won’t even notice how often they do it. I believe stereotyping can’t be stopped. People stereotype everyday. There are positive and negative categories that stereotyping fall under. Positive category is when people think good ofRead MoreTattoos and Body Piercing in the Workforce1414 Words   |  6 PagesTattoos and Body Piercing in the Workforce What canvas holds some of the most creative artwork today? If you guessed the human skin, you would be right. However, about three decades ago, one would only find these types of markings and insignias on what would be considered the â€Å"rough† crowd: bikers, sailors, gang members, and prison inmates. Today; however, tattoos and piercings can be seen on nearly anyone from the age of 15 and up. Not to mention, these body modifications can be found on allRead MoreRhetoric and Stereotypes: Politicians, Tattooed People, Feminists, and Elderly People986 Words   |  4 PagesRhetoric and Stereotypes: Politicians, Tattooed People, Feminists, and Elderly People PHI 103: Informal Logic Rhetoric and Stereotypes: Politicians, Tattooed People, Feminists, and Elderly People Rhetoric pertains to the use of language to create an effectively persuasive argument. Stereotyping is taking the description of an individual and applying it to a group as a whole. There are many generalizations made when it comes to politicians, tattooed people, feminists, and elderly people. This essayRead MoreThe Affects Body Piercing Has on Society853 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Affects of Body Piercing has on Modern Society† Thesis statement: Body piercing can affect modern society in several different ways, one is the way the art makes society look at individuals differently, religious backgrounds questioning the choices newer generations make, and also infectious diseases they may cause if not cared for properly. Piercing one’s body in a creative way has become a very popular way for various types of people to express their different personalities. In the 16thRead MoreWhy Do People Still Stereotype?1026 Words   |  5 PagesWhy do people still stereotype? There are many people in the world that are all different races or to some all different colors. People tend to judge others because of who they are and their skin color. Most people tend to judge black individuals more because of some negative things that they tend to do or say. However, this issue has not just started its been going on for years. Although, all people are human beings; their cognitive thinking is different as individuals. Many people tend toRead More Stereotypes in the American Media Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesStereotypes in the American Media Propaganda is an effective device that is used to influence and manipulate human behavior by appealing to emotions. When propaganda is combined with stereotypes, it usually produces negative results. A simplified view of a group of people, spread by mass communication can cause people to be more narrow-minded and can alter their perspective. Living in the Information Age, people are exposed to a constant stream of ideas and images. These ideas can reflect theRead MoreThe View of Tattoos in Our Society Today Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pages Axia College of University of Phoenix The View of Tattoos 2 â€Å"People who drink, do drugs, have been jailed or do not believe in religion are more likely to be tattooed. â€Å" , said Mom. Is there any truth to what Mom said? According to a study conducted by the Journal of Academic Academy of Dermatology in 2006Read MoreTattoos And Piercings : Work Environments1417 Words   |  6 Pages Tattoos and Piercings in Work Environments â€Å"According to a 2010 Pew Research report, about 23% of adults born between 1981 and 1991 have piercings other than their earlobe† (Pfeifer, Web). Also, in 2012, 2 in 10 adults in the United States reported to have at least one tattoo. That number has increased to 3 in 10 adults just last year in 2015 (Shannon-Missal, Web). The prevalence of tattoos and piercings have increased dramatically over the past few decades, especially in teens and young adults

Firms are rewarded by stakeholders for reportedly beneficial actions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2162 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Ecology Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Please outline your support or disagreement to this statement. Firms are rewarded by stakeholders for reportedly beneficial actions whose credibility cannot assessed. In other words, stakeholders reward firms for stuff that may be greenwash. Do you think this is true? Why? Wordcount 2200 Environmental schemes when perceived immoral/unethical in nature are deemed as corporate greenwash. Disclosure of negative information creates an excessively positive corporate image and simply deception. (Kim H-E and Lyon P T 2010) This may be because the underlying motive is profit or advantage, such a schemes higher advertising than operative cost. It may be considered alternatively in other schemes, whereby changing for a small duration of time, then resuming business as usual, such as a recycling scheme in an office, over simplistically consider decoupling from material use; it still can be done better. Many examples like this are not necessary to understand the benefits of greenwash and bad practice as examples themselves are far too narrow. A holistic approach is needed to view greenwash as it covers a broad, interdependent list of criteria. Stakeholders in modern society prefer ethical businesses, thus a safeguarded or well thought meaningful CSR strategy is vital, as not d oing so may cause stakeholders to dissociate. Environmental Justice is greenwash as; it is considered a utopia ideal, and suggests if followed to promote environmental benefits to the worst affected areas first. Thus the worst emitting factories in the world should be combated first; and logical but these may have little financial capability, such as poor households, should other corporations pay for fixing others problems, is this fair for individuals or consumers to pay for the mitigation for climate change ideals, trends suggest so, thus corporations by committing greenwash are not viewed as harmful to society directly but may influence other businesses to adopt better practice. (Zaman U A et al 2010) Greenwash concepts have came into fame since the 1980s environmental movement for businesss environmental performance to reduce costs arising from their unloved activities. Since the 2000s namely the term environmental sustainability is business lead and profitable since the d ynamics of the stakeholder have changed from profit to social, ethical and moral considerations. (Gamerschlag R et al 2010 ) Eco marketing, fabrication and operation were lasting criteria, and increasingly supply and value chain promoting competition and innovation, namely green contributes to long-term profits. Marketing was traditionally based on the demand side, thus business woud fulfil demand and that the whole value chain would create best sustainable practice. (Sharma A, et al 2010) The social and environmental aspects must be outlined first for a worldwide understanding. Corporate value must be understood first in order to derive balanced conclusions. Firstly trustfulness is imperative in a globalising era; we see examples of perceived connotations on many corporate sites with hyperlinks on company websites to NGOs et al. simply other qualities such as reliability and qualitative products or services leads to credibility. Greenwash directly questions business credibility. Businesses do not like this. Businesses promote credibility through public relations and CSR, displaying openly their brand characteristics, direction, and legitimacy, these should be analysed into justified criteria on a holistic risk assessment, and be transparent to stakeholders, and appear in CSR reporting. Then the measurable criteria of such policy come into question. This is what is done, namely are they committed and consistent with their hard work, this is best analysed in real time, as what business have previously done wrong should not affect the future green perceptions and how they are combating future targets. Society and business change constantly and sustainability needs an optimistic view. (Jahdi S K, Acikdilli G, 2009) CSR exposure is undoubtedly associated with higher business visibility, industry membership and larger firm size, and dispersed share ownership structures leaving potential for more stakeholders. High polluting deemed firms tend to disclose more information and more likely to commit greenwash as it is only of benefit to display positive information. CSR reporting is great to promote competition among corporations for investment Even if CSR is deemed as greenwash in premise CSR reporting sets a competition guideline and additionally provides information for cost-effective greenhouse mitigation. (Kim H-E and Lyon P T 2010) Even if the reports are ambitious, they must display certainty as who would invest heavily in a uncertain company. They can demonstrate impact through analysis or research and development. Attempting action provides potential value, however erroneously; ambition improves ones state of mind, and societies. (Patt A, Zeckhauser R 2000) Whilst a great deal of active research relies upon secondary data, such as share prices, external news releases, corporate disclosures, Greenwash if used to manipulate the markets is good for society and climate change mitigation, for profit is deemed as unethical . (Deegan C , 2004) Greenwash may also be good for the social order as morals conflict in theory, scientifically, to promote ones self discovery. If endowments are less dispersed, this increases the marginal return to effort and its easier to go beyond others. If businesses rewards become less dispersed, then there is a decrease in the marginal return on effort as rewards. The more similar rewards, efforts increase, thus if businesses help other businesses increases in competition are inevitable. While the lower and Business may lose from rearrangement and competitive edge. In an unequal society, business competition means they will work less and receive fewer rewards. Dispersed rewards increase efforts at all levels. Inequality of rewards, not of endowments, that is a likely cause of concern that is why rewarding for greenwash is counterproductive to the sustainable transition as equality and equilibrium makes people works too hard, thus collaboration is to be used to divide efforts in such transition. That business which we see not collaborating will undoubtedly have to work very hard. And be overly ambitious, tempting the fate of greenwash. (Collicott J B 1994) An example of perceived greenwash should not only be looked at close minded; but a holistic view of the company must be perceived. The technological sector will be viewed to display a hidden positives of globalisation to promote competition. The current analysis in the technological industry shows that cooperation has a sequential logic. If Industrialised countries promote international trade or globalisation which require regulatory overhaul, they may enforce their conditions on developing countries, thus difficult regulations could become acceptable over time, thus is a company is greenwashing, look at the wider concepts of how they help society, through their own policy or practice standards. (Urpelainen J, 2010) Equality will now be viewed from a business perspective as greenwash is difficult in decidi ng which scheme and where. Equality is difficult from a business perspective and we must acknowledge that. Perhaps a business social investment in children is considered, do we give money to the disabled or smart? Additionally a wealthy or a very poor person? Ethically and morally arguments would conflict, yet a business must make a decision and weather it benefits them directly or indirectly it should not be the case, it is good will. (Bradley B 2006) Human beings have duties to others, animals and surroundings in which we elicit sympathy, it is whereby other factors such as wild animals, plants and organisms (biotic community) that we do not elicit our sympathy in the same way. It is in todays society where it is socially correct to become integrated with the environment and diverge from a king of the castle perspective to an integral member. Business must have sympathy for everything as an integral member of society. Sympathy provided a base for corporate social responsibiliti es duties and obligations on a range of moral sentiments. This is ever difficult whereby the environmental cost- benefit analysis is difficult for companies as the number of beneficiaries and qualitative aspects must be considered both regionally and local environmental schemes (Hanley N, et al 2003). They must be then involved in their communities and society. Citizenship in a larger biotic community allows us to have sympathy with oil companies whose life relies on mining resources, to temporary preserve human life, and perhaps they are heroes. The bigger picture is not seen as our duties have typically been with those of are in a local community therefore have place attachment. Direct moral considerations will differ on human beings areas nations, areas, soils, animals, water, energy needs, biosphere, ecosystem, and the preference or attachment to those or similar criteria. If inevitable resource scarcity present, their livelihood is ultimately doomed. Analyses of the relat ionship between disclosure and performance in social and environmental accounting have focused on the environment in view of the fact that measurement is somewhat less problematic than for social issues are difficult to analyse, environmental factors on the other hand can to some degree be measured scientifically, and social measures or the perceived success of environmental measure must be displayed and be transparent for a full understanding. Environmental policy statements are simple promoting greenwash capabilities and stakeholders want policies, controlling implementation is difficult, commitment is difficult to perceive without regulation and understanding business rationale for scheme. Full sustainability is amusing at this stage as there are barriers in the way. If viewing the global climate change policies and strategies negotiations have lasted long, environmental change is a slow process both politically and intrinsically in a value sense to business and society, which are often shown low carbon lighting, washing powders and the like but refuse to for example wash our clothing by hand or in the bath tub. Alternatives and policies are a constant form of greenwashing holistically. Greenwash undoubtedly occurs where we do not expect it. There is a lack of traceability and transparency in the current green labelling schemes which do not help the consumer gain confidence in the products they buy. Fair trade schemes promote, holistically good practice farming. Does the company have one fair trade product or many, and for those whom are not fair trade how do we distinguish between acceptable and bad practice without full transparency? Additionally who is going to pay for additional transparency management, ultimately the customer? (Zaman U A et al 2010)Money is the most likely motivator and sustainable implementations must be considered for the long term. Greenwash should view long term business strategies and not short term implementations, as ultim ately business will provide what society needs. The Economic benefit is the most feasible motivator for a company to execute exact environmental policy. A stakeholder should be sceptical if a business commits to a policy where potential profit does not exist, either long or short term; greenwashing is everywhere, and not a bad thing. Increasing efforts to alleviate sceptics or pessimists from CSR is to allow Third-party audits and confirmation may to assure the stakeholders that environmental policy promises lead to policy execution. In the respect of value added, inherent value are things we must respect such as a corporations profit, living beings, while intrinsic value is had by the realization of its good, such as emotional feelings. good will makes the world a better place no matter what it effects or accomplishes? Besides promoting or respecting it, love, preserving, want, think we need this is what corporations are ultimately trying to express and is good. (Bradley B 2006 ) It is suggested sustainable implementations can benefit well-being and financial gain/incentives. By educating decision makers on marketing, and stakeholders a return on investment may lead to benefit societies or business longevity, effectiveness and sustainability and resource use. (Kula E, Evans D, 2010) Business always benefits with ads, no matter the impact of such greenwash the customer is always knowledgeable. Anything unknown to a community, then known is a form of education. Consumers want information about what markets offer. Ads especially detrimental increase the green movement which is good. By preaching, suggesting a feeling of guilt, and promoting excessive consumerist behaviour, prolonged repetition can promote change thus; identifying corporate greenwash is a good strategy to promote value, from tangible goods to quality or intangible change in society. On the other side business executives some 87 percent suggested environmental considerations were cr itical to sustain and drive profit. We here words like green and eco friendly, which are beginning to be ineffectual. If consumers question all green claims and do not, see positive companies, they will lose faith and not care about businesses operations but profits much like traditional investors. If a successful company integrates the market other will try to mimic its aspects. Marketing of green is ahead of existence or what consumers can buy which is fantastic to promote innovation. Green campaigns and marketing can drive innovation and climate change mitigation but greenwash harms societies faith in business, It is believed that consumers will in the future care more about business knowledge, but want successful, tangible and measurable examples of green goods before they are marketed. (Uechi L, Morgan E, 2010) Greenwash is found out may detriment business but has many benefits if not found out, and few negatives, apart from dishonesty is seen to actually benefit society both i n mind, and competition incentives for others promoting in the long term a perhaps more ambitious world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Firms are rewarded by stakeholders for reportedly beneficial actions" essay for you Create order

Should College Athletes Be Paid Essay - 1519 Words

One school of thought currently cycling throughout media circles is the definition and compensation of college student-athletes. Some colleges and universities provide student-athletes with complete or partially-paid tuition expenses, lodging, books, and other educational incidentals while the athlete plays sports at their institution. Many advocates for fair market compensation for college athletes argue that some Division 1 athletes â€Å"labor under very strict or arduous conditions, so they really are laborers in terms of the physical demands on them while they are also trying to go to school† (Cooper 12), but college athletes are primarily students and athletes second. The opportunity to play sports does not exist without the establishment of the institution as an educational foundation first that develops mascots and athletic programs after the fact. College athletes should not be additionally compensated beyond traditional athletic scholarships because college athletes are primarily students who also have the opportunity to play sports while receiving an advanced education. College institutions are initially created to provide an advanced education for students, and extra-curricular athletic programs are established after the fact. Institutions make investments in athletes that can provide the university with monetary gains, and in return, the athlete either receives full or partially-paid tuition, housing, books, and meal plans, if it is not a private school. An athleteShow MoreRelatedShould College Athletes Be Paid?1578 Words   |  7 PagesAshay Mehta Nou Per 8 Should College Athletes Be Paid? One of the hottest debates in the sports industry is if college athletes should be paid. If you want to pay these athletes, how would the college determine the dollar amount that should be paid? Should the basketball team make more than the football team? Should the the soccer team be paid as well? Cheerleading? Chess team? Should everyone on the team get a salary? What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. College athletics have gained great popularity of the past few decades, and have brought schools lots of revenue. A lot of college athletes think they should be getting paid for their services they do for their school. College sports like basketball and football generate over six billionRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1289 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years college sports have been about the love of the game, filled with adrenaline moments. However, the following question still remains: Should college athletes get paid to play sports in college? Seemingly, this debate has been endless, yet the questions have gone unanswered. The National Collegiate At hletics Association (NCAA) plays a vital role in this debate. The NCAA is a billion dollar industry, but yet sees that the athlete should get paid for their hard work and dedicationRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1130 Words   |  5 PagesWhat college athlete would not want to be paid to play the sport that he or she loves? The real question is, though, should college athletes be paid for their roles in a college’s athletics? They are many points to each side of this recent controversial topic, which is why this has been made into such a hot debate in the past couple of years. As of right now, these athletes are not getting paid, but many of them truly believe that they should. Others believe that they already are being paid throughRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1334 Words   |  6 Pagesrising to the surface is â€Å"Should college athletes be paid?†. This has become a burning question. The NCAA is a multibillion-dollar industry, that makes milli ons, if not billions, in revenue. Yet it’s still maintains the non-profit status meaning that the industry is not set on making a profit and none of the revenue that is made is distributed to its members, managers, or officers. While most players who play in college sports are under a scholarship, that pays for the college tuition, books, and housingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1239 Words   |  5 PagesLindsey Simmerman Speech 102 T/Th 1:00-2:15 October 25, 2016 Should college athletes be paid to play? Specific Purpose: To persuade the class to agree with my stance on paying college athletes to play sports Thesis: College football is the hours players spend practicing and performing, the number of injuries the players face, and the persona these athletes must portray every day all the while watching their schools, coaches, and the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) get all the compensationRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid1254 Words   |  6 PagesSome college athletic departments are as wealthy as professional sports teams. The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of thatRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?986 Words   |  4 PagesPaying the College Athlete The college athlete has steadily grown in popularity in the United States over the span of the past decades. Monetarily speaking, this increased publicity has been extremely beneficial for National Athletic Association (NCAA) and all the colleges involved in athletics which has sparked the dispute of whether or not the athlete should be paid for their hard work and dedication on the field and to their school or if the athletic scholarship is more than enough. College athletesRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Not Be Paid1558 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent-athletes participate in a variety of different sports, and currently they do not receive paychecks for their performances. College athletics have attained an extensive popularity increase among Americans over the past few decades. This has resulted into increased revenues for the National Collegiate Athletic Association [NCAA] and the participating colleges, which has fuelled the debate of whether or not college athletes should colle ct an income. College athletes should not be paid to play

J. Joyce Clay Free Essays

James Joyce was a master storyteller who loved to create plot and thematic nature centered on character paralysis. His mastery came in his subtle ability to weave the main characters true essence of paralysis by slowly seeping it into the veins of the reader. Most of Joyce’s collection of stories casts men in the main role where he follows the male protagonist through strife. We will write a custom essay sample on J. Joyce Clay or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Clay, however, the theme follows a woman and her trials of separation—a loss she denies is ever present due to her paralysis. As we attempt to unfold the meaning of James Joyce’s use of paralysis in his classic tale, Clay, one thing stands out. In most other published fiction, Joyce shows a preference to focus on the voice of the male character. Clay, however, is an exception. Here, his central character—the protagonist—is a female. Yet, just because the focus of most of his fiction is set aside for the male sex, does that mean he hopes to glorify this sex? Hardly. We must look into just how Joyce perceived the male character versus the female character in his stories. From one front, we can say that, by-and-large, because his protagonists were male, there was some gender stereotyping going on in the mind of our author. We must, however, look deeply into his use of paralysis as a central theme. This paralysis is not exactly a place people prefer to be. However, many of us can relate to suffering, pain, and loss. These are some of the reasons Joyce’s story Clay is profoundly telling. Another interesting point to consider is this: Was Joyce using men in the starring role as an opportunity to place them on an award-winning podium? Or, was this an opportunity to bash the male gender? So just what was his biased reasoning behind rarely using female protagonists? Did he stereotype the female persona? Were his stories a form of gender racism? In answering this, it is clear that the main character suffered, to varying degrees of emotional, physical, and social discomfort. These characters—male or female—were not something a reader would aspire to. So, just because the role of the female protagonist was rare in a James Joyce story, there is not sound evidence that he preferred the male gender over the female gender. It could be argued, for instance, that his focus on the troubled male was his way of bashing this sex. Surely glory was not an overtone in Clay or many of his other published works of art. So we go to the next question: Did Joyce treat women differently than his male roles? Some can argue that his paralysis-based stories were a chance for Joyce to belittle the female character. In Clay, Maria, our protagonist was viewed as almost distasteful to look at. However, Maria didn’t see it this way. At the very least, we can say that gender role stereotyping was prevalent. In looking at the female voice, we can see that he did place women in the mother/lover/wife role. In the male role position, we see that the character, Joe, is in a much freer position that Maria. Albeit Joe did have a disease of his own: alcoholism. But, Joe was also typecast in the head-of-household role, and the one who others reported to—even though he had a drinking problem. Yet, Maria was the protagonist, so the lead character is, obviously, going to be the sufferer anyway. What’s more important to remember is the fact that James Joyce placed all his characters in debilitating situations. So, sexism doesn’t seem a likely analysis behind the author’s reasoning for creating such one-sided male character-based stories. If someone is looking for a hero or role model, regardless of sex, they will not find it in Clay, or any of his short fiction paralysis-based stories. Joyce had deep reasoning behind staging the story of a maid and how she relates, reacts, and is portrayed by a family who she’s worked with for many years. Paralysis, once again, was Joyce’s underlying motive that created such magic on the page. Upon an initial read of this short classic, there appears to be very little action in the story, with the main thrust coming from emotion and thoughts surrounding Maria—our seemingly wafer-thin female who is loved and respected by those in her life, at least according to Maria. All the characters in the story, in fact, appear to lack any depth. The spiritual epiphany seems to be missing as well. Maria, as transparent as she first appeared, is shown to reveal herself as a charismatic person who has a gift for touching others. Joyce, once again, did this with clever wit. The author loved to move the reader along at a smooth, almost velvety pace. Then, almost out of thin air, he’d add tiny, silent bombs of description that spoke volumes about a character’s past. Maria, for example, is referred to as†¦ a very, very small person indeed but she had a very long nose and a very long chin. She talked a little through her nose, always soothingly†¦ Joyce, here, uses description of Maria’s facial features to tell so much more about her than the dimensions of her nose and chin. We are given a taste of her past: a soft spoken, generous woman who radiated joy in others by her willingness to aid her fellows in need. This radiating joy, however, is something that only Maria perceives. This dysfunctional means of viewing herself as lovely doesn’t become fully apparent until we are through with the story; for Joyce takes this entire process of painting Maria’s emotional state with slow, yet deliberate, remarks. Many times its the way he casts a scene and how the minor characters act or ignore Maria that truly adds color to his theme of paralysis. According to Maria, people saw beyond her less than charismatic nose and chin, seeing her shimmering inner beauty shine forth. It was her actions and unconditional devotion that created her beautiful persona. However, Joyce goes on to use a narrator who works more like a thief. This thief of a narrator tells the tale in a voice that leads the reader off-course so he can hide the wealth of the true theme and moral. For, beyond Maria’s long nose, the narrator goes on to describe Maria as a petite, small-boned and attractive woman. Joyce does this as our Maria—a woman who is valued as reliable, caring, and wise—gains pleasure by marveling over herself in the mirror. Joyce is so subtle that it doesn’t hit the reader until he or she is two or three sentence beyond the scene where Maria gets pleasure out of looking at the soft, gentle slopes of her frame. But only Maria sees herself as lovely. The story opens with positive embellishments by her tea-party friends. They say she is likable and hard-working, a woman with a knack for â€Å"keeping-house. † In effect, this is the minor characters way of patronizing Maria for her inefficiencies and trappings as a maid. Joe, a man she worked for, adds that she holds the standing of a â€Å"proper mother† whom he has formed a deep bond with. Joyce wrote, Mamma is mamma but Maria is my proper mother Joyce, of course, twists things up nicely by adding the fact that Joe has a drinking problem. So, how reliable is he? Yet, even with his joy for booze, Joyce ties it all together with such clarity that the reader is willing to excuse Joe’s drinking problem and accept him as a reliable source when he relates to how Maria has affected him. In comparison to other short stories by James Joyce, this is a rare example of a protagonist suffering from that subliminal paralysis who is actually liked by the other characters. Take Dubliners, for example. In Dubliners, the protagonist is viewed as shallow and lacking integrity. Maria, in contrast, receives preferential treatment by how the other characters voice their opinion of her. True they like her, but they also feel sorry for Maria. This is very empowering yet, at the same time, places the reader on a cliff of wonder. How can this woman who is viewed so highly be suffering from a life-long paralysis? Something is amiss. But what? This is what makes Joyce such a master at toying with paralysis. A more introspective look at Maria reveals the warped perception she sees in herself. How can a woman look at her own long beak of a nose with bulging chin and consider it glamorous? When she laughed, wrote Joyce, her grey-green eyes sparkled with disappointed shyness and the tip of her nose nearly met the tip of her chin. Although the narrative voice is not Maria, per se, we can see that she fancies her own image, as referenced earlier. Maria screens out the fact that it would be a stretch to say that someone was beautiful if the tip of her nose nearly kissed her pointy chin when she laughed. Joyce mentioned that people ignore her in the pastry shop. Plus, when she is on the crowded tram, no one—initially—considers moving over to make a seat for her. Chivalry, back in the morning of the twentieth century, was much more prevalent than it is today. So why would almost every man on the tram offer her no consideration? Furthermore, there is a man who recognizes her and he offers his seat. But he’s a drunk. Even the drunk had stealthy motives: The drunk stole her cake while on the tram, at least this is what could be inferred from the text. So, with careful examination, it becomes very clear that sweet little Maria, is not the person she feels she is. While on the tram, Joyce hit readers with the following description that parallels her life of solitude. She will always be more than one step shy of fitting into the mold of the American middle class. In the following statement, Maria is placed in yet another metaphor where she is going in the wrong direction in her life. Joyce wrote, The tram was full and she had to sit on the little stool at the end of the car, facing all the people, with her toes barely touching the floor. The paralysis becomes more apparent when we analyze Maria’s life as a single woman. She will never marry and is cemented—trapped—into working as a maid for the rest of her life. Joe’s family, somewhat secretly, mock Maria for living the life of a maid†¦. never to be someone’s maiden. In fact, the initial take is that the family truly loves her. As the family gathers, Joe attempts to show some tact by bringing up the notion of everyone should take a drink, just to loosen up. Joe, of course, wants more port, to feed his alcoholic vice. Yet, at the same time he infers that Maria, too, should take a drink. That way she can forget about her sorrowful life. Joe even insists that Maria take a drink. Maria, still blinded by her own faults, refuses the drink. As the story closes, Maria sings a few stanzas of a poem that speak of the fact that she will never live the wealthy life. This singing even brings tears to Joe’s eyes. The reader, once again, is left to wonder this: Is Joe sinking into the depression of alcohol? Or is he feeling sorry for Maria? That is left to the readers’ imagination. One thing is certain, though: Maria will never overcome the paralysis that stymies her. How to cite J. Joyce Clay, Papers

Public Agency External Analysis †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Public Agency External Analysis. Answer: In todays competitive business world, corporations focus on analysing their strategic position by using different strategy development tools. These tools provide them information regarding both internal and external factors that influence their business and affect its profitability. This report will focus on the United States airline industry and evaluate its strategic position by using Porters five forces model. In past few years, the US airline industry is facing different economic and social challenges in order to maintain its profitability. This report will use Porter's five forces model to analyse the competitiveness of the US airline industry. The Porters five forces model assist senior-level executives in order to analyse the attractiveness or unattractiveness of an industry by determining its strengths and weaknesses (Dobbs, 2014). The objective of this report is to perform a competitive analysis of the US airline industry by using Porter's five forces framework. This report will evaluate the components along with advantage and disadvantage of using the five forces model. Further, the economic performance of the US airline industry will be discussed, and various strategies will be given in the report for improving airline profitability. The US airline industry includes players from both high to economic priced zones. The market leaders of the industry such as American, United and Delta Airlines are threatened by low-cost airlines such as Virgin America, Jet Blue, South West Airlines and AirTran Airways. Currently, the US airline industry is suffering due to the price war between airline companies which is damaging the profitability of the sector (Aguirregabiria and Ho, 2012). The new entrants in the industry focus on reducing air travel prices which have started a war between the organisations. In order to reduce flight tickets, the new entrants are using economic air routes, flying only specific types of aircraft and non-union workers. These strategies reduce operating costs of airline companies which enable them to reduce their ticket prices which are beneficial for customers (Daraban, 2012). On the other hand, growing popularity of online travelling sites such as Travelocity, Cleartrip, Expedia and Orbitz has inc reased the issues for airline companies because they provide customers facility to compare between different airline prices and choose the most affordable option for them (Dai, Lui and Serfes, 2014). According to the data of IATA (2018), the increase in jet fuel prices has a negative impact on the US airline industry (Figure 1). The rise in jet fuel prices increases airlines operating expenses due to which they have to hike their prices in order to compensate the loss. As per the case study, labour and fuel are two primary expenses of airline corporations which account for 58 percent of total expenses (labour 26 percent and fuel 32 percent). Bryan (2018) provided that in 2016, labour costs (22 percent) surpassed fuel expenses (21 percent) and it is expected to jump to 30.9 percent in 2018. Between late 2000s and early 2010s, a large number of mergers affect the US airline industry. In 2008, Delta merged with Northwest Airlines, and in 2010, United and Continental merged. Furthermore, American Airlines filed for bankruptcy in late 2012 (Treanor et al., 2014). However, along with risks, there are different opportunities in the US airline industry as well such as improved customer s ervice, effective baggage handling process and reduction in missing flights. Five Forces Analysis of US Airline Industry Michael Porter developed the five forces model which is strategy development tool which focuses on analysing competitive landscape of a business. This framework assists in determining competitive intensity of an industry which determines its strengths and weaknesses and helps companies in estimating the profitability of the industry (Vining, 2011). Generally, it is used by organisations for analysing attractiveness or unattractiveness of an industry. The five forces include competitive rivalry, the threat of substitutes, suppliers power, buyers power and the threat of new entrants. The threat of new entrants is minimal in the US airline industry because of a number of entry barriers. The operating costs are massive and the airlines have to comply with a number of governmental regulations which makes the process exceedingly complex (Zou et al., 2014). Therefore, due to high level of financial investment and regulation complicity, the threat of new entrants is high in the US airline industry. Customers have high bargaining power due to low switching costs, ease of booking tickets and effort required to change airlines. Passengers can use a mobile application to book airline tickets directly from their smartphones and select between best deals. A large number of third-party developers offers free or relatively cheap services to people through which they can check airline tickets from anywhere and compare them as well. As per Mellat Parast and Fini (2010), travellers have the option to evaluate different tickets prices along with offers provided by the airlines, and they can select the most suitable and affordable option for them. It creates pressure upon airlines, and they continuously focus on increasing quality of services and reducing flight tickets. Therefore, bargaining power of customers is high in the US airline industry. There are five aircraft manufacturers which include Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, Embraer and Tupolev. However, Boeing and Airbus are the primary suppliers in the US airline industry, and there are a large number of companies that purchase aircraft from them (Thurber, 2012). It increases the bargaining power of suppliers in the US airline industry. Moreover, jet fuel prices are controlled by a limited number of suppliers that can easily hike its prices. Labour unions manage workers in the airline industry, and they create pressure on airlines to force their demands. Therefore, bargaining power of suppliers is high in the US airline industry. The threat of substitutes is low in the US airline industry because currently, the air travels in the fastest way of travelling across the world. The substitutions of airlines include travel include train, bur, and ships (Puller and Taylor, 2012). However, customers did not prefer these options because they are slower and relatively expensive than air travel. However, new advancement in transportation sector can introduce in substitute for air travel such as bullet trains and self-driving cars. The competitive rivalry in the US airline industry is substantially high with both local and international organisations operating to increase their customer base. Currently, the population of the US is 326 million and over 83.7 percent of the population lives in urban areas (Worldometers, 2018). It provides a significant opportunity to airline industries since airlines are the most preferred travel option of the US citizen. The primary demographic of airline companies includes people who fly to different states in the US and abroad for travelling or business purposes. The behaviour and psychology of the US citizens are to travel through the air because it is the most convenient and fastest option available. Large airlines such as United and Delta fly on similar routes, and their services are similar as well in the economic section. However, in premiums class sections, the services of each airline differentiate because they focus on different factors. Passengers can switch airlines without any additional costs which create pressure on airline firms. The popularity of online ticket booking websites such as Travelocity, Cleartrip, Expedia and Orbitz has increased competition between enterprises as well since customers can easily check and compare prices of different airlines and select the most affordable option (Choi, Lee and Olson, 2015). The introduction of a plethora of small airline organisations has increased the problems for big airlines along with competition in the industry. Therefore, the competitive rivalry is high in the US airline industry. Advantages and Disadvantages The five forces model is used by different organisations to analyse the attractiveness or unattractiveness of the business which assists companies in determining their profitability. Advantages The model assists corporations in understanding different external forces that shape an industry. It assists in evaluating the degree of competitiveness in industry and analysing different competitors in the market (Tavitiyaman, Qu and Zhang, 2011). It assists management in taking the decision whether they should enter into a market or not based on its attractiveness. The model helps management in analysing the profitability of a sector which assists them in making strategic business decisions. Disadvantages The model did not take into consideration different crucial factors that affect business such as liberalisation, globalisation and digitalisation. These factors are not included in the model which makes it inappropriate for modern organisations. The model is unable to provide a present picture of the industry because it analyses its attractiveness based on previous sources. The corporations can use the information collected by this model for implementing short-term strategies; however, it fails while developing long-term strategic business policies for a company (Lee, Kim and Park, 2012). While using Porter's five forces model, marketers collect and analyse the information of a specific organisation rather than the whole industry. The model is used for evaluating the attractiveness of an entire industry rather than a particular company which makes it unsuitable for corporations that rely on this model for creating strategic policies. Critiques argue that each force has different impact on a company and giving equal attention to each force is not right. Each force has a different influence on an organisation, however, the model considered them equal. It results in providing wrong information to a company which affects its strategic policies (Grundy, 2006). The Porter's five forces model highly relies on the sources from which the management collects the information. In case the sources are not reliable or old, then it did not provide a correct picture of the attractiveness or unattractiveness of the industry. There are a number of mistakes and factors which are not included in this model. For example, Samsung operates in mobile industry whereas Google operates in technology industry however Google develops android which is the operating system of each Samsung smartphones. However, Porter's five forces model did not take into consideration the importance of other industries that affect a firms operations (McLay, 2014). Economic Performance The profitability of the US airline industry is affected by a number of outside factors include the economic growth of the country. In case of recession, the purchasing power of customers reduces, and they prefer to choose affordable substitutes or lower flight options. On the other hand, in economic prosperity, the purchasing power of customers increase, and they are more likely to invest in luxuries such as premium air tickets. In 2017, the spending on air transport has increased from $737 billion to $776 billion. The industry has reported a growth of 5.3 percent in 2017 whereas it reported a decline of 2 percent in the previous year and it contributed 1 percent to the countrys economy (IATA, 2017) (Figure 3). The growth of airline industry is affected by a number of factors including economic condition in the country, high ticket prices, fluctuation in fuel prices and others. The increased competition the market also affects the industry since it is divided between many local as w ell as international corporations (Garrow, Hotle and Mumbower, 2012). The large brands are able to sustain the fluctuation in economic growth of the industry however it increases issues for small airlines. Identification of strategies for airline profitability The industry is not being able to perform at maximum potential, and its economic growth is affected by a number of factors. Following are different strategies that can be adopted by the US airline industry to increase its profitability and economic growth. The primary focus for companies operating in the US airline industry should be customer demands and how they can implement policies for addressing such requirements. Customers in the US airline industry have high bargaining power, and they can easily switch airlines. Therefore, corporations should focus on increasing brand loyalty in order to attract more customers. They should collect customer data and their purchasing habits and introduce a pricing strategy that suits their demands (Tan, 2016). For example, companies can address the issue of low fare prices by introducing better quality services in economy class and using an effective strategy for marketing such facilities. This will justify the extra prices spend by the customers on airlines tickets, and they are more likely to choose quality services over cheap air travelling experience. Therefore, customer demands should be the priority of customers, and the companies should focus on fulfilling their requirements. In order to improve overall customers travelling experience, airlines can implement small changes to address the issues faced by passengers while travelling in an airline. For example, implementing minimum seat width and legroom standards can make the travelling experience more enjoyable for customers, and they are more likely to pay extra for the comfortable journey. The companies should make flight contract and regulations more transparent and easier to understand for customers so that they are able to understand the procedure in case an issue occur such as rebooking, mechanical delays and lost luggage. These changes will result in improving customers services on an airline which will increase the number of loyal customers. The airlines can enhance their system in order to reduce inconvenience and invasion of privacy of customers. For example, companies can use open data and big data technology to analyse the purchasing pattern of customers and forecast their sales (McAfee et al., 2012). It will provide them necessary information to create business strategies that will assist them in increasing their profitability. The US airline industry is affected by an increase in low costs airlines which provide an affordable air travelling experience to customers. The companies are facing fierce competition, and they have to rely on innovative approach in order to generate and maintain a competitive advantage. The competition is high in the industry, and the bargaining power of buyers and suppliers is relatively high as well. The market share of giant players such as United and Delta is reduced by an increase in small airlines that offers affordable travelling experience to customers. Similarly, the introduction of online ticket booking services has also increased issues for the US-based airlines. In order to address these issues, companies should focus on improving their customer experience and overall services to make travelling experience more pleasurable for passengers. The corporations can also adopt the latest technologies in order to forecast customers demands and developing strategic policies. The se factors can result in increasing the profitability of airlines and sustain their future growth in the US airline industry. Conclusion In conclusion, a large number of big and small airlines operate in the US airline industry. The economic growth in the industry is influenced by a large number of low costs airlines and online based ticket booking services. Due to these factors, the industry is changing rapidly, and companies are required to change along with the sector. Based on Porter's five forces model, the competitive rivalry in the industry is high along with bargaining power of customers and suppliers. The threat of new entrants is low in the sector due to high investment requirements and complexity of regulations. The threat of substitutes is low as well due to lack of similar options. Various recommendations are given in the report for airlines to improve profitability such as adaptation of the latest technologies, improvement of customers services and prioritising customer demands. These policies can increase the profitability of organisations in the US airline industry and sustain their future growth. References Aguirregabiria, V. and Ho, C.Y. (2012) A dynamic oligopoly game of the US airline industry: Estimation and policy experiments.Journal of Econometrics,168(1), pp.156-173. Bryan, V. 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